Hiển thị các bài đăng có nhãn Crisis On Infinite Earths. Hiển thị tất cả bài đăng
Hiển thị các bài đăng có nhãn Crisis On Infinite Earths. Hiển thị tất cả bài đăng

"Ultimatum", "Crisis On Infinite Earths" & "Onslaught" & The Thinning Out Of The Superhero Herd A Touch:- "The End Of All Flesh Is Come Before Me"

Người đăng: Unknown on Thứ Tư, 15 tháng 9, 2010


reader's note:
This is the third section of a piece discussing "Crisis On Infinite Earth", "Onslaught" and "Ultimatum", the first two parts of which can be found in the August and September archive for 2010.

"Ultimatum
"

14.

"Ultimatum" was designed to affect an extraordinary culling of super-folks from Marvel's Ultimate Universe, a somewhat-ailing if still successful component of the companies multiverse. Like "Crisis" and "Onslaught", it was a project designed to remove a swathe of characters from a superhero universe's continuity, many of which had been stalwarts of its status quo. In short, it was an attempt to remove the taint of familiarity from the Ultimate Universe, the narrative of which was felt by some to be far too close to events previously detailed over in the mainstream Marvel Universe. Unlike "Crisis" and "Onslaught", however, the Ultimate Universe was never apparently intended to be fundamentally changed at what might be called its conceptual core by "Ultimatum". Worlds weren't living and dying here, despite any expectations that might have been raised by the playfully deliberate tag-line of "Heroes Will Rise. Heroes Will Fall". And despite a curtain-raiser to the series which saw environmental disasters one after another assault Ultimate-Earth, there was never thereafter a sense that anything more than the lives of a few dozen superfolks were at stake. (New York City, for example, does get buried by the Atlantic Ocean in chapter 1, but it's also emptied of water remarkably quickly too.) Instead, "Ultimatum" was the comic book creator's equivalent of a drive-by shooting undertaken because there seemed to be nothing much else to do that promised to be quite as much fun. (Mr Loeb admitted that he was shocked when Marvel gave him the OK to write the series from what he'd presumed was a too-radical proposal.) The effect of this seemingly random slaughter was to of course deliberately create radical divergences from the Marvel Universe's own timeline, character-absences which might then cause the Ultimate Universe to veer off into new and unexpected directions, returning a greater sense of spontaneity where ennui had begun to settle.

It was undoubtedly a laudable intent, for the Ultimate Universe had been conceptually hamstrung from its very beginning. Starting the major Marvel properties off again from scratch while following remarkably similar story-arcs was inevitably going to cause something very familiar to develop all over again, and if a mutiverse is going to function effectively, its various much-visited Earths do need to be quite distinct from each other. Otherwise, why have them in the marketplace at all?

15.

It might be argued that modern-day readers were presented with a far less pressing case for "Ultimatum" existence than that offered for her sister crossovers considered earlier in this piece. For "Crisis" was held to be saving DC Comics by making it fit for purpose where competing with Marvel in 1986 was concerned, and "Onslaught" provided the readers of the Marvel Universe with a dramatic and hopefully-satisfying explanation for the loss of so many of major characters to a newly-created alternative Earth. But "Ultimatum" was merely concerned with the thinning out of the ranks on Ultimate-Earth, and the question that hung over the project from the start, and particularly after its first chapter appeared, was that of why another less gratuitous way couldn't have been found to kill off so many established characters. For "Ultimatum" is a strangely formless and unsatisfying book, where death occurs over and over in ways which are usually absurd and often essentially unconnected with any wider story being told. Faced with such a situation, the reader would surely be forgiven for wondering whether a new status quo for the Ultimate Universe couldn't have been created simply by telling different stories from those told in the "parent" Marvel Universe. Why kill off so many super-people when they might more productively be recast in the fashion that Mark Millar so successfully did with the "Ultimates", and which he so markedly didn't in the far more faithful-to-source "Ultimate X-Men"?

Put simply, was it necessary to kill so many characters in the particularly gruesome and explicit ways that "Ultimatum" did when what was gained in return seemed so slight and unmemorable? For "Crisis" and "Onslaught" carried with them a sense that theirs were stories which had to be told, whereas "Ultimatum" often appears to be a tale that is an indulgence, a formless confection which has the effect of capriciously and graphically killing off more than 30 of the Ultimate Universes super-people, let alone millions and millions of nameless other folks. Worse yet, it did so without providing any kind of significant payoff to justify either the bloody-handed culling or the bleak and unenticing world which it's events created.


15.

I. But the truth of the matter is that "Ultimatum" isn't just a story in which characters are killed off. "Ultimatum" is a story solely concerned with killing off characters. Death, and the many ways in which it can be entertainingly portrayed, is the very reason for the structure created for the narrative of "Ultimatum". What was previously buried in the sub-text, albeit remarkably shallowly, in "Crisis" and "Onslaught", and symbolised in the form of their major villains, namely an overwhelming and apparently irresistible threat to the way things have always been, is here shown in a form that replaces story with the spectacle of slaughter. The threat to be faced has been reduced in "Ultimatum" to the often random and always unpleasant one of crowd-pleasing death scenes. And it helps the story not a whit, for example, for the reader to work their way through the scene in which the body of The Wasp is shown being eaten by The Blob, for in terms of the plot, the whole cannibalistic scene seems to have occurred completely by chance. The Wasp has been washed away by chance, the Blob has come across her body by chance, his decision to eat her is quite unexplained, and the only role the scene has in terms of the narrative is to cause Henry Pym to bite off the Blob's head before sacrificing himself nonsensically in a terrorist attack on the Triskelion. One death triggers another, yes, but they're not linked to, or essential to, the main narrative in any way that affects how it is to be resolved. And so the killing of Janet and Henry and the Blob don't in any coherent fashion serve to increase the power of the story's main villain or help to create any intensifying measure of dread which might make later valiant sacrifices by brave superheroes more meaningful. Instead, super-folks stumble around killing each other and being killed by each other while the main plot is rarely advanced or even affected by their actions, while Magneto, the tale's protagonist, meanders on with his plans without being at all directly involved in the detail of many of the events at hand. He drops a tidal wave on New York City, for example, and then disappears from what follows, leaving a great Magneto-shaped hole in the centre of the story, where minor characters can eat each other and bomb each other without any of the blood-shedding actually counting for much. In "Onslaught", by way of comparison, the titular villain is always in charge of events and constantly and aggressively takes the offensive against his specific opponents, while in "Crisis", the Anti-Monitors' troops, from the possessed Harbringer to the Psycho Pirate and the Shadow Demons, all act according to his plans. But the Blob just stumbles into conflict, and the bomb-carrying duplicates of the Multiple Man have the most ridiculous task to carry out of all; they're supposed to destroy the Ultimates homebase by swimming out to it and exploding themselves individually when within it, an assault which gives a great deal of warning, a tremendous opportunity to resist, and, given the presence of flying superheroes and helicopters, every chance of escaping.

Why not drop an asteroid on it all and be done with it?

But then, why does Magneto even need a plan to bomb that island, given that he'd intended to drop a tidal wave on it along with NYC? (He obviously didn't foresee his tsunami being pushed away by Sue Storm, or he'd have dealt with her before hand.) Isn't that a touch unnecessary, rather like planning to nuke a city and then hiring lots of snipers to go in afterwards and kill off the survivors at ground zero?

Either this Magneto's stupid, or insane, or both. Whichever it is, he's immediately cast as something far less impressive and central to the well-functioning of the crossover than either the Anti-Monitor or Onslaught ever were.


II. In truth, there's no purpose beyond shock and spectacle for the plot's constant digressions into the likes of sea-striding Giants being blown up by mutant terrorists, and indeed these odd and disconnected scenes don't even make sense in their own terms. Why, to take but one example, do the Multiple Man's incarnations all choose to climb on Henry Pym's body instead of continuing to attack their primary target? Because Pym told them to do so? Why do they only explode when he's managed to get away from the Triskelion? Why do they all detonate at the same time? Why attack on foot when their opponents can fly away?

It makes no sense. Death hasn't been embedded into this story in order to drive the plot and increase the stakes so that the tale's closure will feel satisfying despite the story's many losses. Instead, dead superheroes and the gory details of their passing have been purposefully scattered through the five chapters of "Ultimatum" as if the very show of death is in itself the story rather than any meaningful component of it.

16.

But then, that's obviously the writerly choice that Mr Leob followed with this book. In "Ultimatum", he's given us a comic book that's solely about comic book people being shown dying in comic-book ways. There's been too much talk of his work on "Ultimatum" being randomly exploitative, being shocking for its own sake, as if this story was the creation of a sick or low-thinking writer working without a plan beyond a willingness if not an enthusiasm for pandering to the lowest common denominator. But, quite obviously, there's a clear purpose and plan to his scripts here, as we would expect for a man whose Batman tales with Tim Sale, for example, are meticulously, if more traditionally, structured. For Mr Loeb has surely decided to make his work in "Ultimatum" about nothing other than the killing off of a large number of super-folks reflect the very fact of its purpose. There's no hiding away from what he's doing here. If the Ultimate Universe is to be culled of superfolks, then his story is concerned with that and nothing else. He's placed the excesses of modern superhero books, and the iconography of superhero death scenes, right at the front of his scripts and effectively declared right from the sixth page that "Ultimatum" is to be effectively a collaboration with his death-obsessed audience. If superhero deaths sell, and they do, and if death is therefore a staple of comic book entertainment, which it is, then why not a celebration as well as a satire of fictional deaths, and of all the comic-book traditions which accompany them?

And Mr Loeb has knowingly laced "Ultimatum" with endless opportunities for superhero fans to laugh at themselves and the genre which has always made such a play of the imminence of death and such a fetish of the way in which death is sentimentally indulged in before being quickly and nonsensically reversed.


"Ultimatum", therefore, is surely in part a satire upon, and yet also a celebration of, the very tradition of the line-wide, universe-changing crossover to which "Crisis On Infinite Earths" and "Onslaught" belong so prominently to. It's not satire in the purest sense of censuring its audience, but rather satire in the fashion of making its audience just that little bit more conscious of the enterprise they've for years been supporting through their pockets and their close attention. And if Mr Loeb is also daring enough to push this to the front of his work, to sign up that this is a killing field and our business here is to enjoy watching people die, then nobody can find that too offensive. It's not as if he's trying to smuggle in anything that's morally corrupt into the narrative, for there's nothing being hidden in this work at all. After all, any man who writes a scene where the Blob is tearing off spaghetti-like intestines from the carcass of a might-be-dead super-heroine while declaring that it tastes "like chicken" isn't hiding anything.

This is the superhero comic book as an exploitation movie, and neither Mr Loeb nor Mr Finch make any attempt to pretend that anything other than that is the point of the whole enterprise. "Ultimatum" is, if you like, a "Not Brand Echh" for 2009, and it could be argued that it shouldn't be engaged with on any other terms where all those vile and unnecessary deaths are concerned, for that's actually, and rather obviously, the point of the book.

17.

The problem with "Ultimatum" doesn't lie in the bloody and meaningless deaths per se. No, the problem is that these deaths exist outside of any meaning in a traditional narrative sense, and so the tale is little but one snapshot of horror followed by another. The failings of "Ultimatum" are, therefore, not moral, but practical. It's an experiment in subject matter that forgot to harness all that playful exploitation to an efficient and effective story. And so, when the tale closes, there's little sense on the reader's part that all this mayhem and suffering has been for a purpose, and that the Ultimate Universe is, as the post-Crisis DCU and the post-Onslaught Marvel-multiverse were before it, a precious and more meaningful place worth the reader's while to engage with. Catharsis doesn't occur at the close of "Ultimatum" because, as we'll discuss in a line or two, the book's structure defuses any possibility of reader satisfaction. "Ultimatum", therefore, is nothing more than one damn death after another, and it undermines the very universe it sets out to strengthen by making it a place where superheroes are both callous murderers, as with Magneto's execution party, and yet also hapless pawns of fate. Why would a reader want to immerse themselves in a new Universe if the emergent fictional rules applying to it are that the superhero is both often utterly helpless and yet gratuitously immoral too?


Why read a story if death can just strike with the bite of a fat man's jaws for no reason other than death is of itself supposedly entertaining? Why care about a universe where the traditions of reader engagement have been reduced to the statement that, in effect, anything horrible might happen, and without an apparent narrative purpose too, and for no end beyond the suspicion that the creators simply felt like killing off somebody at that particular moment.

For though there's no doubt that Mr Loeb was also working to establish a much darker tone to the Ultimate Universe as part of the process of differentiating it from the Marvel Universe, he in truth created not a darker tone, but a meaningless one. A refreshingly grim and nihilistic approach, one might imagine, but of itself, not one which fits well with the tradition of the superhero, or indeed of popular serial fiction itself. The very act of placing characters into costumes and giving them codenames surely already indicates, after all, that the reader is knowingly experiencing a universe where artifice is the rule. To then swamp that artifice with an utterly depraved take on how such a universe might function seems to me to be presenting a fictional option where the brutality neutralises the appeal of the superhero, while the superhero makes the brutality seem absurd.

As a consequence, I'd be astonished if the Ultimate Universe's titles received anything of a substantial and lasting sales boost as a result of the "Ultimatum" "event, for this isn't a book to re-establish a fictional universe so much as one to inadvertently negate the very meaning of it.


18.

The lack of control in "Ultimatum" over the traditional form of the line-wide crossover that we've been discussing can be seen in the portrayal of Magneto, who serves as the anti-Monitor or the Onslaught of the event. Yet Magneto himself is portrayed as a curiously ineffective and unimpressive protagonist. His first appearance, in a throne-room of his own making with Thor's hammer lying beside him, presents him not as some characterless force-of-nature, as the narrative demands, but instead as a standard-issue super-villain acting according to a narrow, if catastrophically murderous, agenda. And the more we see Magneto on his floating secret base, the more the impression is given that this is an exceptionally unimpressive antagonist to be so threatening this Universe, especially where Mr Finch gives him a ham-madman's rolling eyes and the kind of teeth-baring grimace which we'd expect from a Saturday morning pictures villain. Where Onslaught and the Anti-Monitor always seemed beyond bargaining with or resisting, this Magneto, despite what he's done to the Earth's eco-system, seems more deserving of a contemptuous slap around the cheeks and an early bed until he just grows up a little bit more.


It's not as if even his own underlings seem very impressed by him. Whereas the Psycho Pirate shivered with terror at his master's presence, Magneto, in the apparent safety of his own secret base, is mocked by the likes of Mystique, while in response he seems to struggle to keep his will together, face marked by stubble and his hands clasped around Thor's hammer for reassurance. Even a copy of the Multiple Man rebels against him, an act of defiance which only demeans both the faux-Maddox and Magneto himself, for the would-be assassin is so ignorant and pathetic that he simply keeps talking and talking until Magneto with some ease throws him out of a window. In essence, Magneto can't even inspire his own troops or cause his would-be executioner to kill him without babbling. Certainly his motley gang of bad gals and guys prove to be remarkably useless when the superhero execution squad comes a-calling for their boss. In fact, even Magneto's "citidal" is as unimpressive as any villains secret HQ from the Sixties Batman series, and his gang are as woeful as any led by King Tut or the Riddler in that programme.

He's barely a threat to the superheroes at the beginning, despite transforming the world's magnetic field and killing millions of people. He's not got the discipline to micro-manage his assault and so leaves far too many of the Ultimate-Earth's superheroes alive to track him down. It seems obvious that anybody of power who gets close to him will kill him, for Mr Loeb's story and Mr Finch's art establish him as a weak character, an ineffectual leader, and a quite useless strategist for the nusiness of conquering the Earth. After all, who'd advertise their existence and power in such a superheroic universe and not make sure that the likes of Thor and the rest of the Ultimates were purposefully taken down? And yet, Magneto doesn't just indiscriminately flood New York City, but he then assumes that opposition are defeated and actually ceases his campaign to conquer the Earth and impose his agenda upon it. In effect, he assumes that the war is over before the first serious counter-strike upon him has even been considered.


If he's a mastervillain, it's only in the power that he carries. His disordered thinking leaves him as nonthreatening as his actions prove him contemptible. It's a fateful mixture of qualities, because rather than the reader fearing for the fate of the world and its people, they're left struggling to raise the will to want Magneto dealt with at all. As a consequence, the story has lost its momentum, despite the spiralling death rate, before the first chapter of the book has ended. The end of world was threatened, but then it stopped. The arch-villain was patently a self-glorifying cretin who couldn't even get Mystique to be fearful of him.

The Anti-Monitor has the multiverse to destroy and time itself to conquer and control. Onslaught was to the very end bent on wiping the face of the Earth clear of all six million human beings, as well as a number of rebellious mutants too. And yet"Ultimatum" was dead in the water before it began, with Magneto becalmed from the murder of Professor X onwards, although "Ultimatum" still had to roll onwards, for how otherwise were all those characters to be killed?


19.

In "Crisis" and, less successfully, "Onslaught", the stakes are constantly raised and the tension intensified until the very end of the tale, where the destruction of the villain serves as the climax of the story and the point at which some measure of catharsis can be achieved. Yet in Book Three of "Ultimatum", Magneto declares that his campaign has in fact seemingly reached its end. He's not going to go on to destroy everything or pretty much everyone. Instead, he declares that "Now, I will choose who lives and dies. Those that remain will be grateful for they will find themselves in heaven on earth". Any tension that might be maintained by an intensification of his campaign of environmental destruction is immediately punctured. For though Magneto still carries the power to devastate everything, his agenda is now revealed as relatively limited where world-ending protagonists are concerned. He's not out to destroy the world, or even homo homo sapien. He's just moving a great deal of the furniture about, and all the time he's ignoring the obvious threat that the Ultimate Universe's super-heroes pose to him.

It's an unimpressive business.

And when the superheroes do finally attack his citidal, Magneto is so much of a throwback to the Silver Age that he's vainglorious enough to allow the Valkyrie close enough to chop his arm off. (It's never really mentioned, that sliced-off arm, and it doesn't seem to affect him very badly, but I'd imagine that it'd be at the very least an inconvenience.) Given that he could have thrown the hammer that that arm was holding onto at her before she severed it, as he already had at the Multiple Man's clone who was threatening and threatening and threatening to kill him, the result is once again to reduce Magneto to a laughing stock. In fact, this is the least world-threatening super-villain ever. He quotes the Bible at a mass of superheroes about to attack him rather than assaulting them, he allows lethally dangerous characters to live just for the thrill of playing them off one against the other, and it's as if a narrative based on creating a sense of danger in the Ultimate Universe had been deliberately constructed to counter that menace with an idiotic and cliched cape-wearing fool at the centre of events.


But the worst indignity for Magneto, and the last of the narrative's self-destructive set-pieces, is that he's shown at the end repenting of his actions, thereby bringing a story which has involved so much death to the most stupefying and counter-dramatic climax imaginable; Magneto is sorry. Where the Anti-Monitor had be desperately punched into oblivion by the Earth-2 Superman after endless deaths and sacrifices, and where Onslaught was only stopped at the very moment of his victory by the willing immolation of the "Heroes Reborn" cast, Magneto has it shown to him that mutant's are an artificial creation by Nick Fury, and decides to make things better again.


Finally, just to undermine the sense that this has all been for nothing, the clearly mentally disordered Magneto is then heroically executed by Cyclops, while Reed Richards, Jean Grey and a host of less-traditionally restrained heroes look on impassively, as if such a murder was unquestionably the right thing to do.

And in the end, the villain was revealed as pathetic, and the heroes vile, and this reader at least didn't think that all that loss had been for something, but rather, that it'd all been a great exploitative waste of time. Certainly, it was impossible to feel any sense of catharsis when Magneto was convinced to undo the damage to the Earth, because there'd never been any hint that that was the plan of the attacking superheroes in the first place. It came quite out of the blue as a solution, it required a remarkably unconvincing volte-face by Magneto, and returning the world to its previous state all revolved around the protagonist responding to Nick Fury with sorrow rather than a defiant "Artificial or not, humans have still been vile to we mutants and I'm not helping a single one of you".

I know which response I'd read as being more characteristic.

20.

I. It's only to be expected that a gentle-in-intent satire such as this, regardless of its actually rather gruesome content, should be delivered to its readers in a form which reflects that of the least-literary, most-sensationalist books in the market-place. It should therefore have come as no surprise to any reader after the first chapter of "Ultimatum" that this was going to be a comic characterised by sparse text, narrative illogic, a mass of full-page posing splash pages, and a love of spectacle that far exceeded any fidelity to the ideal of transparent story-telling. That is, after all, what much of the audience for superheroes have shown a taste for since the heyday of Image Comics, and the fact that there was never less than an audience of 70 000 readers for "Ultimatum" shows how commercially valid such a Liefeld-esque form still is. Yet for a story which often bears the mark of a fiercely-focused creative hand from beginning to end, regardless of how the results of such might be judged beyond its target audience, it's remarkable how neither Mr Finch or Mr Loeb seem conscious of the fact that the way they tell their story quite undermines it. For, in short, there's too much much story in "Ultimatum" for so few panels, and all those full page shots destroy the capacity of the narrative to explain itself. In the end, it's as if Mr Loeb's script is a "greatest hits" version of the story, the most colourful and attention-grabbing sections of a far longer and far more easily comprehendable version of the tale.

The best example of this can be found in chapter five, "The Ugly Truth", where the assassination squad of superheroes who've sent themselves in to kill Magneto embark on the traditional end-of-crossover showdown with the arch-nemesis of the piece. Much of this punch-up is told through full-page slash shots, which of itself means nothing. After all, Mark Millar's "Ultimates" and Brian Michael Bendis's "Ultimate Spider-Man" have both often featured a far higher number of single-panel pages than traditionalists might prefer, and yet both these books have been critical as well as commercial success. But the problem here is not the fact that 9 out of 27 pages here are effectively pin-ups, but rather that those splash pages quite sabotage any dramatic tension, and that they eventually reduce the story to such absurdity through the brevity of the information conveyed that it's quite impossible to feel anything other than, at the very best, nonchalance at what should be an intimidatingly intense and overwhelmingly exciting experience.


We've already discussed the fact, for example, that Magneto, despite losing an arm, seems quite happy to engage his enemies from a distance of a few inches away. Luckily for him, and alienatingly for the reader, those heroes who could pummel him from further away, or indeed from close by if they'd just step forward a touch, inexplicably choose not to. Storm, Cyclops, Iron Man, Jean Grey and so on simply fail to attack him. Even less comprehendable than that is the fact that none of the assassination squad have thought about what fighting Magneto involves, as the very presence of Iron Man indicates. It's no shock, therefore, that our heroes should find their powers turned against their own ranks. (Yes, Tony Stark's weaponry is indeed turned against his own, because iron is, shockingly enough, a metal.) What's telling is that the ridiculously ill-thought-out showdown from the perspective of Mr Loeb's script is compounded by the most opaque story-telling within Mr Finch's art. In a key sequence of 5 pages, 4 of which are effectively single-panel splashes, the creators of "Ultimatum" combine to ensure that the following either serioulsy odd or simply quite unexplained events occur;


  1. Wolverine is blasted by Cyclops' eye-beams and Iron Man's repulsers, his muscles being graphically blasted off of his skeleton. Storm, Haweye and Jean Grey look on in horror, not taking the lead themselves, though Storm and Jean, being girls, do get to cry. (Splash-page, with a few tiny floating panels containing tearful faces.)
  2. Hawkeye attacks Cyclops rather than Magneto, arguing with Jean Grey who is telepathically assaulting him in return. (They might both be attacking Magneto as a way of breaking his control over the comrades, but, well, they're not.) Storm, meanwhile, takes Iron Man out, which raises the question of why she's not fired a few lightning bolts against her team's stated target. And with all his enemies turned against other, Magneto does nothing at all except stand, pose and speak inappropriately Nazi rhetoric. ("Despite his mongrel instinct to survive, it's too late." he says of Wolverine.) You'd think he could've wiped out these distracted superheroes without blinking, but he obviously doesn't care to, or maybe his arm-stump is stinging.
  3. With the heroes now simply loitering around listening to Magneto, the skeleton of Wolverine, coated with nothing but the odd stray muscle-tendril, stabs Magneto through the chest with his handy adamantium claws. (Splash-page)
  4. Magneto, now sporting Wolverine's hand and claws embedded in him, blasts Wolverine into dust. "Then die now!" reads the speech balloon. (Splash-page.)
  5. the heroes stop still to mourn Wolverine's passing. Tony Stark even has time to drop to one knee beside the remains of Logan's corpse. Again, they're paying no attention to Magneto, who has just murdered their colleague, but then Magneto is paying no attention to them either. In fact, he seems to have suddenly disappeared. The idea that Hawkeye and Iron Man, after all we know they've been through in "Ultimates", would be so shocked and upset by Wolverine's death that they'd stop trying to take Magneto out in favour of a quiet sniffle is of course ludicrous. But worse still, the body language of Mr Finch's characters is incredibly passive. You'd think that Jean Grey was asking what time the next bus was due, and you'd never imagine that Magneto was about three foot away from all of them, albeit with three very sharp claws buried in him. Why a strategic genius such as Cyclops doesn't regard that as an appropriate moment to finish off their opponent, I can't say, and I can't do so because the pages of "Ultimatum" don't give the slightest clue of whatever's going on beyond the shallow pin-up snapshots that've been placed before the reader. (Splash page)

II. When next we see the claw-punctured Magneto, he's managed to crawl, leaving an incredibly bloody trail behind him, to his throne room. Given that he's so weak that he can't raise himself to its seat, any explanation for his ability to out-crawl the five super-heroes who were, when we last saw them, standing directly in front of him with all their powers intact, is, once again, inexplicable. The story simply can't be made to make sense in terms of the information on the page. Luckily, the reason why Mr Loeb is so keen to have Magneto make it to his throne room is soon made plain; Reed Richards, Dr Doom, Shadowcat (?) and Nick Fury are either waiting there for him or have been following close behind him. (Again, neither the art nor the words are clear, but if Fury and his fellows have been following Magneto, they've must have been both very quiet and walking very slowly.) In effect, Magneto's not arrived beside his throne because of anything he or his fellow characters have done or chosen not to. He's there because Mr Loeb wants him there for another big showy scene, and a throne room is an appropriately impressive set to place a dying would-be Emperor in for his final bow on-stage.

But the problem is that many readers of comics aren't so passively uninvolved in the pages of the books that they read; indeed, a great number of them would rather read a story which simply made sense. Yet "Ultimatum" is a surely a tale based on the premise that comic book readers don't care about the logic of the story they're reading as long as it's got lots of gory full-page fan-boy moments. How ironic that is, for it stands in direct opposition to the assumption which underpinned the books produced by Stan Lee's Marvel Comics in the early Sixties, where the belief was that even hardcore fans wanted more of depth and content from their comic books, and indeed the "no-prize" was devised by Mr Lee to recognise the fact that creators made mistakes and fans enjoyed making sense of them from the evidence they'd been given. But earning a no-prize from Ultimatum would be damn hard work, because there's so little that can be deduced from the paltry information on the page.

If Nick Fury and company, for example, were waiting for Magneto in his throne room, how did they know he'd arrive there, rather than crawl to an escape vehicle or, indeed, anywhere else? If they were following him, why did they let him continue hauling himself on when the need to neutralise his threat and restore the Earth was so pressing? More than that, how did Fury know that Magneto was so weak that he wouldn't be able to strike back at all at him or at least kill himself when trapped? (Fury does parade himself before Magneto while being quite defenceless himself.) And if the plot was always to trap Magneto and use Jean Grey's telepathy to show him the error of his deluded, mass-killing ways, then why were the other team of heroes so obviously happy to see Wolverine try to kill him? (Jean Grey notes that Logan's going to kill Magneto, but makes no mention of any plan to save the world reliant on Magneto staying alive.)


And so on and so on, and on and on and on.

III. Things happen in "Ultimatum" because they are presumed in themselves to be interesting quite in isolation from common sense or the mirage of a story around them. Indeed, a "story", in Mr Loeb and Mr Finch's terms as applied to "Ultimatum", is any series of supposedly interesting events assembled in most any order and described with any degree of logic by the creative team involved. It's a post-modern approach to tale-telling which, as I've written above, many tens of thousands of readers are perfectly happy with, and, as an approach, it can't be faulted in its own terms, for nobody is forcing anybody not pleased with its results to either buy or even merely read Mr Loeb's commercially-successful comics. But the approach just doesn't sit with the type of line-wide crossover that the creators were trying to tell here. For Mr Loeb and Mr Finch's responsibilities with "Ultimatum" went far beyond thrilling a particularly impressionable niche market of comic book readers. Rather, they'd been commissioned to provide a "fresh-start" for the Ultimate Universe, and the means to achieve this included the opportunities presented by the chance to kill-off a large number of familiar characters.

And yet, in the end, the story they produced didn't make enough sense, their villain wasn't frightening enough, the stakes too low for the scale of the losses, the necessary sense of impending doom and increasing jeopardy was absent, and the very structure of "Ultimatum" ill-advisably cast in the form of a sequence of jump-cuts and supposedly dramatic superhero moments which were as unmoving as they were strangely over-familiar to the well-read comic book fan.

"Ultimatum" wasn't a book to make a mass audience look forward to the new world that it created. Instead, it made what had come before, for all its faults, seem far more appealing by comparison than it ever previously had, a sure sign that the successes of "Crisis On Infinite Earths" and "Onslaught" hadn't been paid enough attention to before the whole project of "Ultimatum" was begun.


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"It Sounded Like A Nuclear Blast At Ground Zero":- Emptying Superhero Universes Of Superpeople In "Crisis On Infinite Earths" & "Onslaught "

Người đăng: Unknown on Thứ Bảy, 4 tháng 9, 2010


Continued From Tuesday 31st August: "This Is The Day The Universe Dies!"


"Onslaught"

8.

The strangest thing about "Onslaught" is that it's actually the anti-Crisis. For in "Crisis", DC had set out to destroy an infinity of Earths, the entire fictional DC multiverse, and to as a consequence simplify the continuity of their books for readers new and old. "Onslaught", however, was actually created as a line-wide crossover to establish a frontline Marvel multiverse. And in dividing up the Marvel Universe into two quite separate and disassociated franchises, and in re-setting comic-book time for the inhabitants of one but not the other, Marvel had in effect created something of an Earth-1, containing its major franchise characters that were neither "street-level" heroes nor mutants, and an Earth-2, where the Marvel Universe proper would continue replete with costumed characters whose complex super-heroic histories stretched back for decades.

It was a remarkable project, the product of one of the most short-sighted and craven grasping-for-market-share decisions ever clutched at by an industry so often characterised by such half-witted designs. It quite ignored the fact that one of Marvel Comic's greatest unique selling points had always been the crowded universe within which its characters constantly ran round corners into each other, and in which they forever ended up fighting each other regardless of which side of the good/bad divide they occupied. But the lure of generating extra income by "outsourcing" if not actually selling off the family silver proved too much for the powers-that-were during that time of substantial contractions in the dangerously wounded comicbook marketplace. And so off went the Fantastic Four, the Hulk, the Avengers and a number of ancillary characters to what was effectively an alternative Earth, though not Mr Fantastic and the Invisible Woman's young boy Franklin, presumably because the market that was now being so desperately sought might not want to read about married superheroes and their progeny.


9.

The structure of "Onslaught" therefore has an apparently far less complex and complicated job to do than that of "Crisis", which had to try to squeeze out meaning and excitement from the destruction of the entire history of DC Comics. But the essence of the two projects was in some ways remarkably similar. Both were concerned with the business of removing superfolks from a particular continuity while making the readership feel positive about the fact that these fundamental changes to the comicbook status quo had occurred. With "Onslaught", it'd been decided that a significant number of Marvel's more well-established superfolk had to disappear from the mainstream MU to another "pocket universe", where their histories could be reset and their origins seasoned with a more contemporary flavour in order to better engage, it was thought, with the audience of the mid-Nineties. And, as in Crisis, what was left of a companies cast of superheroes in the Marvel Universe after the culling of so many fundamentally important characters had to be coated with the air of tragedy and worthiness that best marks as heroes the good guys and gals who've fought the good fight, lost a great deal, but still come out with a better-than-nothing result.

Yet where DC wiped out a multiverse in "Crisis" and made that destruction a permanent matter, Marvel's "Onslaught" crossover helped to further establish a multiverse of its own without any sense that this separation into two of the MU was permanent. And this difference explains a significant part of why "Onslaught" could never match "Crisis" where the story-ending matters of catharsis and closure are concerned. No matter how similar the two crossovers seem to be in certain ways, "Crisis" was strengthened in its appeal by its definite purpose whereas "Onslaught" was weakened by the fact that nothing could be truly settled in its pages at all.


10.

For all the talk of "pocket-universes" and the "Franklin-verse", it was obvious to many that the consequence of "Onslaught" was effectively a Multiverse, and that, short of absolutely flogging off their characters rather than just the business of their production, crossovers and the movement of super-folks from the new world to the old would be inevitable given time. The very fact of two separate Earths containing different casts of superheroes, even if they're fundamentally the same even down to their trouser-tights, is an utterly irresistible story snare for creators and fans alike. Had the "Heroes Reborn" project outlived its thirteen month-long adventure, there's surely little doubt that as the months progressed, mutant superheroes and Avengers would have begun to nip backwards and forwards through the apparently totally-impenetrable dimensional wall - or whatever it was - until the whole construction would have eventually arrived at a point just as convoluted as the DC Multiverse had been perceived to be. Like the old "Onion" story about a fat divorced man losing weight in order to get married once more, so that he can safely pile on the pounds again, the universes of super-folks get stripped of their complicated and often counter-productive histories only so that they can generate more of the same in the future.

If "Crisis" could be seen to have successfully settled DC Comics internal debate about what its future course should be, "Onslaught" merely complicated matters further for Marvel.


11.

It's worth speculating whether the creators of "Onslaught" tailored the degree of threat posed by the villainous Onslaught to the rather less than world-ending scenario that they knew their story would end on. After all, the basic mission of "Onslaught" as a story was limited to the transference of two dozen or so superpeople from one fictional universe to another, a project which might've been concluded in the background of a single George Perez panel in " Crisis". For all the excess and hype associated with "Onslaught", it's many, many pages were therefore absorbed with what seems like a relatively simple, straight-forward and less than planet-shattering end. It's appropriate, therefore, that "Onslaught" largely confined its scenes of cataclysmic destruction to the perennially-devastated and perpetually quickly-recovered-from-disaster New York City. NYC has so often served as a metaphor for the entire world anyway in Marvel Comics that it was easy for Onslaught's audience to read its constant battering, and the perpetual sense of it always being in jeopardy from Sentinel or super-villain, as a sign of a significant threat without the story needing to involve any greater scale of physical disaster. And the fact that just about every Marvel superhero lived either in or around NYC gave a focus to the conflict and increased the intensity of the long-running battling on view within it accordingly, without inflating the already-bloated narrative to the point where the already absurd extremes of comic-book showdowns became laugh-out-loud disproportionate to the stakes at hand.

If the loss to a superhero universe isn't going to be so very great, we might speculate, following the example of "Crisis" where the casualties were pretty much total, then the calamities which mark that loss ought not to overstate the narrative's importance. The world, and indeed all the possible worlds of the Marvel Universe, didn't need to be forever threatened in "Onslaught" in order to make the reader glad for whatever remained after the fighting, because the scale of the culling in the MU of 1996 was so much less than that in the DCU of 1985. In fact, nobody dies at all in "Onslaught"; they just get shuffled elsewhere, making the defeat that the story concluded with far far less acute than that of "Crisis". Is that why the stakes of the story were so remarkably familiar and commonplace in the hyper-excited terms of Marvel Universe, where mutants were forever threatening to wipe out homo homo sapiens?

And if Onslaught had been engaged in a project which was far more upsetting to the status quo, involving perhaps a number of familiar if redundant supporting characters done to death, or more fundamental and lasting changes in terms of continuity, would the stories conclusion have seemed even more overblown as a consequence, with such a greater measure of spectacle and destruction having been invested in setting the scene for what was merely the perhaps-temporary expelling of a few dozen characters from here to there?

Can it be, perhaps, that by design or chance or more likely a collision of the two, "Onslaught" is another example of a challenging project where the antagonist's ends and means are kept appropriately in balance with the narrative's intended conclusion?


12.

However, so that the readers wouldn't forget that a great deal of importance was still supposedly at stake in "Onslaught", in emotional terms if not in those of the body-count, Onslaught's stated intention to wipe out the Earth's non-mutant population was always situated at the fore of events. This similarly carried a far far lower level of threat than that of "Crisis", because while the readers of the DCU's grand 1985 crossover knew that alternate Earths and their often-beloved inhabitants were surely going to perish, "Onslaught's" consumers could be pretty sure that the MU wasn't going to be swept free of its 6 billion or so non-mutant inhabitants.

Even a company so insanely run as to hive off many of their most important characters into a "Franklin-verse" weren't going to allow an Earth consisting of nobody but a few thousand mutants to emerge blinking and quite defenceless into the marketplace. The fight was therefore in a sense fixed from the off. And so the sense of threat carried by Onslaught was far less unnerving than that of the Anti-Monitor, and no matter how that was in tune with the limited losses that the book would inflict upon the Marvel Universe, it left the various chapters of the crossovers with the sense that there was a great deal of huffing and puffing, but consistently rather less of the houses being blown down than such a well-trumpeted and bloated event might seem to require.


13.

But despite having a page-count far exceeding that of "Crisis", there simply wasn't very much to achieve in narrative terms where the many chapters of "Onslaught" were concerned. Yes, the basic staples of the "disastrous-crossover" genre were attended to; everything had to go wrong, the villain had to credibly threaten to destroy a great deal of significance, and, for a dramatic conclusion, the "Heroes Reborn" characters had to disappear bravely too. Here too "Crisis" had an advantage as a narrative. Those good super-gals and guys who survived the Anti-Monitors assault were in themselves ennobled just by the fact that they fought and to a tiny degree won through. The audience's response to that fact was simple; everyone who made it through the war, or indeed fell during it, was a hero worthy of our attention. But "Onslaught" was left with the business of how to make those superheroes who didn't apparently nobly perish in destroying the villain look as heroic as those who did, and it's a problem that the narrative never succeeded in solving. The likes of the X-Men who were placed outside Onslaught's body were given heroic roles, but the fact remained that they didn't save their colleagues and they didn't make the heroic sacrifice that the likes of the Fantastic Four and the Avengers did either. No matter how "fair" it is to judge those characters for being fortunate enough to have survived, the emotional truth of the matter is straightforward; the superfolks who apparently perished had behaved in a way that's far closer to the traditional definition of "heroic" than those who didn't.

And so "Onslaught" left the Marvel Universe not just denuded of many of its most important characters, but also of a measure of the heroic mystique of those who remained. Indeed, I've often wondered if the decline of the X-Men as a franchise in the MU could be traced in some fashion to "Onslaught", to the moment when the management thought that the mutants could be so placed at the centre of the Marvel Universe, ignoring the fact that even the loveliest dome only exists because some far less enticing but essential and impressive architecture exists to support it. Certainly, the whole story made the X-Men seem almost peripheral to the MU when compared to their lost and so-mourned fellows, which was never of course the intent of "Onslaught".

But then who can compare with well-loved martyrs?



14.

The truth is that nobody seemed to have worked out exactly what to do with all of those single issues in the "Onslaught" crossover. Consequently, the individual chapters when read again today seem notable mainly for the fact that nothing much ever happens, and that that which does occur seems to be a repeat of whatever has come before; Onslaught blusters and threatens a great deal, beats a few folks up, tortures the odd psychic and then disappears to do pretty much exactly the same the next time around. It's a static and yet simultaneously furious affair, of which all the mind can recall is a wave of superheroes rushing this way and then that, being beaten by Onslaught here and then being beaten again by him there, over and over again, until the sense of the story seems to quite break down into the memory of a sequence of ever-less-thrilling cliffhangers.

By the tales' final confrontation, the familiarity of the manic and inconclusive fighting has obviously become so ubiquitous to the creators that panels showing desperate superheroes racing to the last battle can also contain Reed and Sue Richards standing still and declaring their love for each other at a considerable cooing length when their colleagues are being beaten once again into pulp in the couple's absence. It's as the business of fighting Onslaught has become so much of a 24/7 situation that every other human activity has to take place in the presence of the continual punch-up, as if the last stand of the 300 at Thermopylae occurred while King Leonidas and his favourite boy hairdresser cuddled and whispered niceties, while the Persians kindly worked around them and their fellow Spartans politely ignored the lack of help coming from their direction. When there's nothing but superfolks rushing around and thumping one another, narrative sense can very quickly disappear and every event seem to need to be accompanied by at least a background of mighty battlers having at each other.

Consequently, the end of the crossover comes as both a shock, because "Onslaught" seems at times to be set to continue unchangingly forever, and a relief, because it's over. Again, this isn't how "Crisis On Infinite Earths" was structured, for no matter what its many faults, every individual chapter of "Crisis" had its own specific purpose and identity, and, as we've discussed, its conclusion closed one epoch of the DCU and opened other in a satisfying and definitive fashion.


15.

It's this problem of purpose which most bedevils "Onslaught". The narrative is repetitive because it has an incredibly constrained set of goals to fulfil, beyond filling up a half-dozen issues a month until the editorial office declares that it's all over. The rented-out super-powered properties are to be removed from the reader's sight in the "Earth-Two" MU, but they aren't to be forgotten there, and there has to be a sense that they may one day return, because that may well happen. This leaves the story needing to generate a great deal of emotional heat to make the reader feel that events are truly of consequence, and that's an incredibly difficult business for the creators to deal with, for where is the emotional emphasis of the story to be placed? Is it upon the Marvel Universe's loss, which can't be too substantially emphasised, for that would diminish the worth of the original property? Is it upon the possibility of everything rolling back together at some unspecified and possibly never-to-arrive point, which would create an unsatisfying sense that all of this great crossover was in fact for nothing at all? Is this a tragedy for the characters who are leaving, or those who are staying, and if it's a tragedy for those left behind, then how can their existence avoid being a shadow of the new world being created for their sainted and supposedly-dead comrades?

None of these issues were ever tellingly nailed down so that they might be consistently worked towards, if the evidence of the published chapters of "Onslaught" is to be trusted. There's always the sense of a simple and repetitive narrative that somehow manages despite it's own lack of complexity to fail to find an emotional core to link events together with. If "Crisis On Infinite Earths" can be seen as a fantastically effective card trick, turning the readers away from all that loss to celebrate the small measure of survival, then "Onslaught" is an unshuffled deck in search of a wily magician, and in truth it's hard to see how it could be otherwise. For while the crossover was being written, none of those involved in its creation knew how the "Heroes Reborn" project was going to proceed, and many apparently disapproved of the whole business anyway. Consequently, "Onslaught" was shackled to two contradictory purposes, since it had to end in a fashion which appeared to be definitive and emotionally satisfying, and yet it also had to leave every avenue open in order to accommodate the uncertain future.

In the light of that, there's no surprise in realising that the pages immediately following the death of Onslaught and the disappearance of the martyred superfolks are concerned less with the kind of reflection and closure that's found in "Crisis", and more with the setting into train of future events in the Marvel Universe proper. For Marvel was now positioned into fighting with itself, as one set of books fought another in the marketplace in order to see which business model was going to win out. A centrally-directed Marvel Universe or a series of franchises? A Marvel Universe rump containing the profitable X-titles and whatever else couldn't be hived off?

In such an atmosphere did the creators of "Onslaught" try to serve every possible outcome for both their real-world and fictional conflicts, and it's actually a considerable surprise and pleasure to note how often their work is enjoyable, if never entirely convincing or, indeed, moving.


16.

"Behold my mighty hand." declares Onslaught in X-Men # 55, prompting all but the most serious-minded reader to surely wonder what's wrong with the other hand that it should be considered so unmighty and so unworthy of being beholden. And the portentous tone that can be found in "Crisis" is here matched and considerably intensified. It's as if the dialogue alone is carrying much of the sense that something of incredible import is happening. And it's ironic that Marvel Comics, which had always prided itself on being more "believable" and "everyday" than its competitors, had long since collapsed into a company where the most stiff and jarring dialogue was spoken by pretty much all of its characters, and this ten years after not just "Crisis", but also "Watchman", which had seemed to promise something more than a constant and wearing process of arm-waving Sturm und Drang for the future of the superhero. (It's a mark of how many writers were producing scripts for Marvel at around this time that this dreadful dialogue could be the norm even when the estimable likes of the Simonsons, Busiek, Waid, David and Stern were or had in the recent past also been contributing their far superior scripts too.*1 ) When Storm announces that one of Onslaught's attacks "... sounded like a nuclear blast at ground level.", the writing's been turned up far beyond 11 and no-one's even wondering how Ororo could possibly know what it was like to stand at the heart of a nuclear explosion and, er, listen to it. (Given that she seems to have relatively human ears, one would think that the experience would not have left her with a simple sound-memory, even if the heat equivalant to that at the centre of the sun had somehow not instantly vapourised her.) But this was a crossover which was going to run and run, and the process of dragging things out quickly fell to lots of shouting, posing and unresolved fighting.

And yet amidst this, Onslaught remains, just as the Anti-Monitor did, a perfect villain for a one-off, if tantrically-prolonged, tale. He has no personality whatsoever of his own, which means, once more, that the audience can accept him as a force of nature, or a symbol of such. Unlike the Anti-Monitor, he's far less likely to indulge in any standard super-villain behaviour beyond declaring that everything will end and everyone will die while tempting young Franklin Richards into some kind of complicity. As flat as an major super-villain can possibly be, composed of apparently the "evil" of Magneto and Professor X, as if being bad is a quality rather than an action, there's little of substance that ever could peak out from behind his necessary mask, again underlining that this is not a human being and must not be mistaken for such.

Indeed, so perfectly does Onslaught conform to the expected tropes of the super-villain that he even has his own secret hideout where he tortures teenagers and young boys, though here the unique contribution of the character to the genre is that the prison is somewhere deep inside the character himself. (Well, he has the power of a "Psionic whirlwind", so we might presume that anything's possible.)

*1 - I believe Mr Waid has discussed how his X-Men scripts of the period were often re-written without his knowledge or consent. I may be wrong here, so has anyone a reference that might establish the matter beyond the evidence of my untrustworthy memory?

17.

Of course, Onslaught has been returned to life since, just as the Anti-Monitor has, and the reader only has to study these character's Wiki pages to feel the will to read onwards diminishing at an overwhelming rapid pace. For none of the informing detail counts for a thing. These are cyphers create to growl, destroy and die at exactly the moment when their triumph seems to be complete. Indeed, both did die splendidly, and both at the climax of events, an absolutely key plot element which we'll touch upon again when considering "Ultimatum". The reader's relief at their passing, as we've discussed, masked to differing degrees the reader's disappointment at what the villain's been permitted to do, and makes that which has been saved seem all the more precious in the light of all that's been lost. It's just a pity that the various issues mentioned above left the Marvel Universe in the wake of "Onslaught" a far less fit-for-purpose entity than "Crisis" had succeeded in establishing for the DCU.

But despite Onslaught's splendidly shallow and relentless nature, the danger he posed was never serious enough to compensate for the loss of the key optioned-out Marvel superheroes. And unlike the passing of the Anti-Monitor, which left the single and new DC Earth feeling safe and fit-for-purpose where future stories were concerned, the months after Onslaught's passing only accentuated the fact that the Marvel Universe had been depopulated of so many of its most familiar and structurally- informing characters. Perhaps if Marvel's editorial committee had decided to destroy more of their precious universe while they were allowing it to be gutted of so many of its most important resources, the conclusion of "Onslaught" would have felt more satisfying, and the loss more worthwhile.

More centrally, the loss of the "Heroes Reborn" characters hadn't been excised from the memory of their fellow MU characters, as that of the Crisis was in the DCU, where the public forgot about the multiple Earths immediately and the heroes soon followed suit. But then unlike "Crisis", "Onslaught" wasn't a fresh start willingly grasped by a committed editorial and creative team, regardless of reservations elsewhere in the company. "Heroes Reborn" was an amputation imposed by misguided businessmen running a company right into the ground, and no amount of narrative captions declaring that "The air rung with atomic thunder." could hide that. And Marvel's continuity, and Marvel's creators understandable sentimentality, demanded that the absence of the Avengers and the Fantastic Four be constantly refereed to, most successfully in Kurt Busiek's "Thunderbolts". It wasn't just that much of the heart of the Marvel Universe was gone, but that nobody could shut up about it either. Nobody was good enough to fill the boots of those missing, nobody could rest until they knew what had happened to their comrades and protectors. The whole process, and the monthly presence of the "Heroes Reborn" books on the stands, for all their virtues as well as their failings, merely accentuated that the fictional reality of the MU had been torn apart for economic, and daft economic, reasons rather than according to any convincing narrative logic. As a consequence, "Onslaught", which faced so many challenges as a monthly event, saw the effect of its conclusion further diminished with every passing month.


But in truth, the fatal weakness of "Onslaught" was that the departing Marvel characters hadn't satisfyingly sacrificed themselves so that the MU could go on. They'd been sacrificed in an unsatisfying fashion so that corporate interests could attempt to squeeze more money out of the properties they controlled. Onslaught's threat, fury and destruction could do nothing to counteract this feeling that the MU, and its characters, had been considerably diminished. And so, "Onslaught" as an event couldn't function and close as "Crisis" had.

And yet, it was also true that many of Marvel's creators and fans didn't want "Onslaught" to be the kind of full stop that "Crisis" was anyway. They were unconvinced by its premise and its consequences, and, for all these reasons,"Onslaught served as nothing more than one excessive event in a procession of many others. "Crisis On Infinite Earths" had by contrast closed off the narratives of the DCU's Multiverse with such Alexandrian severity that, in the way of the Giordian Knot, there was nothing much left of what had gone before and no character who'd survived it could be made to say how it had all fitted together anyway. Unlike at Marvel, DC's superheroes had collectively forgotten that the almost-worst had already happened, and the various creators involved in the "new" DCU were headed off down a different path far away from the likes of Earth 2 and, indeed, Earth's 52. (*2)

And in these differences, perhaps, might lie a hint or two about how creators calibrate their crossover events so that readers will accept the degree of change to the status quo on offer without feeling cheated by the conclusions or alienated by the consequences of the stories. These matters will be of particular relevance when we engage upon a joust with "Ultimatum" next time around on this blog, where we'll consider the attempts of its creative team to satisfyingly and productively disrupt and reset the equilibrium of Marvel's Ultimate Universe.

*2 - Well, most of them. The likes of Mark Waid and later Grant Morrison would wage guerrilla warfare against the absolute prohibition of the Multiverse and its history well into the new era.

I hope you might consider joining me for a look at "Ultimatum" in the very near future. Please do let me know the mistakes I've undoubtedly made in the above. I'll correct them and of course credit you. My thanks for all and any for reading and I wish you as always a very splendid day!


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Crisis On Infinite Earths, Onslaught & Ultimatum; This Is The Day The Universe Dies! What To Do With The Villain When The Heroes Just Have To Loose?

Người đăng: Unknown on Thứ Ba, 31 tháng 8, 2010

In which the blogger borrows "Ultimatum" and "Onslaught" from a country library passed during a hailstorm and is moved to speculate on why the lessons of "Crisis On Infinite Earths" aren't always followed when making the worst days of superheroes seem like successes to their readers.

1.

There can be few classes of story in the superhero genre more difficult to write successfully than the line-wide crossover. Most of us have our favourites of the breed, from "Secret Wars" to "Final Crisis" to "Siege", but there are few if any examples of the company-wide blockbuster which consistently pop up in the "best-of" lists. Of those that do, such as even the original "Crisis On Infinite Earths", there's often a qualifying explanation amended, almost in apology, claiming that the choice has been made for the fun of it, or for the nostalgia, or for both.

And nothing makes a creator seems more mortal, more fallible, than the grand crossover that fails to even capitalise on its fan-boy potential for the necessary and expected progression of epic scenes from the first unexpected meeting of hero "x" and hero "y" to the great gathering of the superfolks before the hopeless final battle, from the revelation of the true criminal mastermind behind the world's coming end to the mournful ceremonies to mark the fallen protagonists resting in the grave before their next resurrection, and so on. For the tradition of the crossover, like the superhero tale itself, is to a large degree codified if not ossified; we know most of what we're going to be getting, and we know mostly in what order too, and creators had better give us what we want and make sure that it's different this time around as well.


And so the creative teams who've been passed the poisoned chalice for this year have to hit all the expected, and yet over-familiar, highpoints while somehow surprising us, throwing in at least one shocking reversal that'll cause us to cheer rather than yawn at yet another last-pitch battle between one army of thoroughly evil baddies faced with a battleworn but unbowed and costume-torn battalion of good old to-the-death superheroes.

But the challenges facing the creators of the standard-issue crossover are nothing to the trials faced by those asked to produce the most counter-intuitive of line-wide epics, the sub-genre wherein the superheroes lose, the status quo is destroyed, and the reader expected to take satisfaction from the failure of their favourites to save anything but a little of the day.

*1:- It's telling that Alan Moore's "Twilight", that daring and unmade DCU saga, is held so dearly in the hearts of those who know of its existence and are fortunate enough to have read its authors proposal. Perhaps the line-wide crossover functions best as an ideal, a set of bright ideas bound in a bold narrative spine, unsullied by the compromises and inevitable disappointments of the tradition in print.

2.

It might be in itself a somewhat questionable statement, but perhaps we might begin from the premise that it's nearly always the superhero's task to either preserve the status quo or to return it into existence. (*2) The criminals are to be captured, the tyrants deposed, the alien invaders returned to the stars, and the ordinary citizen and superfolk alike returned to the regular routines of what passes in their strange worlds as everyday life. But in the three superhero epics I'd like to discuss here, the whole purpose of the grand and even bloated punch-ups on offer was to so thoroughly disrupt the default equilibrium of the superhero's lives that nobody would believe that things could ever be restored to normal. In essence, each of these tales - "Crisis On Infinite Earths", "Onslaught" and "Ultimatum" - was concerned to describe what happens when the end of the world occurs and the best that the massed superheroes can do is somewhat limit the damage.

In "Crisis On Infinite Earths", for example, creators Marv Wolfman and George Perez were faced with the necessity of making the destruction of endless alternative Earths, including many familiar and well-loved by the DC Comics fanbase, palatable to their audience. Putting such a reader-pleasing spin on the failure of the DCU super-heroes to maintain the previous status quo of the multiverse might be thought an incredibly difficult thing to achieve. It is, after all, the opposite of just about every commonplace narrative that the superhero is usually pushed through. The "Crisis On Infinite Earths: The Compendium", for example, lists 113 alternative Earths wiped out by the series main dominant antagonist, the Anti-Monitor, and the superhero deaths he causes in "Crisis" included front-line characters, if no longer marketplace successes, such as the second Flash and Supergirl. And yet, for all the endless deaths and defeats,"Crisis" ends optimistically, and I've yet to find a reader who didn't share that sense of the book closing on a very high note indeed. As the super-heroine Harbringer declares on the penultimate page - 363! - of the epic yarn;

"We should never look to the past, but we should always look to the future, because that's where we're going to spend the rest of our lives. I don't know about you guys, but I can't wait to see what tomorrow might bring."

Yet it strikes me now as it didn't back in 1987 that Harbringer's homily could apply equally to an condemned prisoner living in a cell on death row the hour before their execution or, indeed, a superhero who failed to save their world and ended up back on an Earth where even their family weren't exactly the same folks anymore. It's a meaningless statement, thrown in to make the very worst seem like a grand adventure that led to a happy if weary conclusion. "World's will live. World's will die." ran DC's pre-publication tagline for "Crisis On Infinite Earths", and in fact every single Earth in the DCU's Multiverse was destroyed, and all of the infinite inhabitants of those infinite Earths too, with just a handful of escapees, before a single new world was created again from scratch.

And even that single surviving world was only rescued through the accident of the Spectre's desperate attempt to halt the Anti-Monitors nefarious plan to destroy the possibility of even a single Earth surviving.

This wasn't a superhero narrative that we were in any way familiar with, though its closing made it feel as if it were. This was a massacre, or rather one massacre after another until the death of yet another universe past virtually unnoticed before the reader's eyes like another variation of cream wallpaper in a DIY store. In fact, by the stories end, everybody, everybody, in all the DCU's infinite universes had been slaughtered or erased from existence except a few dozen superheroes, who then themselves quite forgot they'd ever lived their old lives in a Multiverse at all.

How, the reader might well ask, can that be a victory? How can loosing your universe and all those in it, and then every other universe, and then even your own memories of the life you lived before, be considered anything other than the most terrible and meaningless experience ever? Imagine, where was the sense of victory positioned in the text when Superman and his be-costumed colleagues returned from the end of the world at the beginning of time and discovered that their wives and lovers, family and friends have been supplanted by what as well might have been pod-people from "Invasion Of The Body Snatchers". That Ms Lane created by the final re-jigging of reality wasn't, for example, the Lois Lane that Superman had left behind when he went off to fight the Anti-Monitor.

He was the same person, but she wasn't.

The reward for the brave and sacrificing superheroes who emerge at the end of "Crisis" is to be dropped back into a reality which is but a shadow of that they once lived in. And I always found it unconvincing that those of them who found a set of relationships apparently indistinguishable from those they'd left a few hours before seemed so happy to accept a copy of the life they'd once owned for themselves.


3.

Of course, Wolfman and Perez did succeed in making this business acceptable to their audience. Indeed, they managed to make what was close to the very worst possible outcome - everything lost, everyone dead, everything changed - seem like an exceptionally fine and satisfying business indeed. (This is no mean trick at all, and deserves to be recognised as a narrative option which might be re-used in similiar circumstances in future.) Some of that involved specific tricks which could only work for the tale being told in "Crisis". There's a fair amount of pseudo-scientific comic-book nonsense, for instance, about how there was only ever intended to be one Earth and one universe, and so the ending is supposed to feel as if a more natural status quo has been introduced if not restored. It's the most ridiculous argument, of course. There are lots of things that the universe wasn't designed to create directly. Glasses, vaccines and TV, to name just three. And if a comic book super-person decided to wipe out all those folks in history whose lives has been extended by vaccines of one sort or another because they're "unnatural", I think that character would be defined as a super-villain. And yet all those Earths and their inhabitants were swept under the continuity and defined as unnatural and old and better off gone. It's actually rather ugly thinking, in its own little innocent comic-book way. Certainly, if I'd have been born on a world in the Multiverse and lived my life out there, I'd have considered my existence a valid one, and not seen the loss of my world or the partial replacement of its inhabitants by pod people as a good idea.


But then "Crisis" also carried with it the promise of a new start for DC Comics, a company felt to be so confusing in its many separate Earths and time-lines that new readers were supposedly intimidated from engaging with it. Crisis was going to create, as Harbringer is again used to declare;

" the New Earth (and) ... one consistent past."

Part of the success of the series, therefore, and of the general acceptance that the miserable ending was in fact a happy one, might be down to that promise of better things to come after drastic housecleaning. Yet 23 years later, "Ultimatum", another of the books which falls into the "line-wide-crossover-that-destroys-the-status-quo" category, similarly changed a great deal for a company's books which were again thought to be in need of a radical restructuring, though this time by the predictability of an over-familiar continuity. And yet "Ultimatum", despite never selling less than 70 000 copies, was the most critically derided book that I've ever come across. It certainly didn't heighten a sense of anticipation for the comics set in the Ultimate Universe which would be issued after it, as "Crisis" did for DC, which would seem to tell us that the simple act of promising a new start for a superhero universe and justifying it in terms of necessary change doesn't in itself mean that such radical surgery will be welcomed and accepted by the audience.

What else, therefore, was going on with "Crisis" that meant that such a depressing end and such a meaningless spirit was accepted as a victory for the superheroes and a new day for the DCU?


4.

What was "going on" with "Crisis On Infinite Earths" was of course so simple and so effective that it's remarkable that "Ultimatum", and to a degree its kin-book in continuity-destruction "Onslaught" from 1996, didn't learn from the lessons of Wolfman and Perez's work. For "Crisis" stands and falls on the strength of its villain and the degree of power and threat that he manifests in the narrative. In essence, so fearsome is the series major opponent that anything rescued from the fearsome and apparently unwinnable battle with him is seen as a major and blessed victory.

"Crisis" seems to end on a high note because the logic of its narrative and the power of its chief villain promised that nothing might survive the tale at all. In the face of that, even the new world of the DC pod-people served as a sanctuary as precious as that blue globe of an Earth shown hanging in the photos of our world from the Moon back in 1969; in both cases, the huge expanse of obvious and inhospitable nothingness made whatever else that could support life, fictional or otherwise, seem all the more to be cherished.


Now, this doesn't mean that the Anti-Monitor was in himself an interesting antagonist. In fact, I'm going to argue that his blank character and unimpressive power set was a key aspect of his success as a plot device. (In fact the very name "The Anti-Monitor" is laughably unthreatening and unwieldy, summoning up the spirit of a school-child who insists on ringing the break-bell early and bringing the teacher lukewarm tea.) The Anti-Monitor exists solely in "Crisis" to function as what that great fibber Freud described as the death-drive, or "Todestrieb", and which was later discussed as "Thanatos" by post-Freudian fibbers after his passing. It's the very strength of the non-character of the Anti-Monitor that he exists not as an individual but rather as a force existing merely to destroy the DCU. Implacable, merciless, without depth and therefore without reasoning with, the Anti-Monitor is the Multiverse's own death-drive, acting solely to bring the whole of human-friendly existence to a definitive and vile end for no other good reason than that's what he wants to do.

Comic books are of course saturated with creatures, human or otherwise, which seek to end all life. But the Anti-Monitor was placed within a setting and a story where exactly what was needed was indeed such a one-dimensional destroyer. His lack of depth isn't an impediment but the secret of his success in "Crisis". In truth, the Anti-Monitor is at his least effective in "Crisis" when he starts to behave as a common-or-garden super-villain might, for the slightest hint of familiarity with his personality undermines his function, which is to simply scare us and to refuse to back off when we hope that he's finally been done away with.


But when he's grumbling and shouting and slapping the face of the Psycho-Pirate for not being powerful enough to help him, the Anti-Monitor is as unimpressive as any fifth-string psychopath designated "expendable cannon-fodder" for the Suicide Squad. Yet when his disembodied head, for example, reappears at the stories' end superimposed over the spectacle of an alien universe, and after his apparent death too, the character fulfils the role he was created to; he's not a protagonist in a superhero universe out to kill heroes so much as the universe itself that's hunting them down. He's more powerful than every other individual superhero, he's more powerful than all of the superheroes combined, and he won't stop coming until he's killed them all, and everyone else too;

"Superman ... I .. will .. not .. die .. until .. you .. die .. with .. me .. "

Which, in combination with the fact that, even in those pre-net days, the audience knew that alternative Earths were going to be destroyed in "Crisis", grants the Anti-Monitor considerable status as the baddest "mother...". (*4) And by the end of the story, he's not just the monster who destroyed all the other Earths, for now he's the definitive monster who's going to destroy the single Earth that's left.

And though it may be a new Earth that he's threatening, a re-constituted Earth, an Earth which isn't truly the home to any of the surviving superheroes, it's the only Earth that's left.

It's a blue jewel of an Earth alone in a universe where there's nowhere else to go, and so we care.

*4:- SHUT YOUR MOUTH!


5.

The Anti-Monitor is a trick that only works once. His appeal relies upon the reader seeing a gathering of costumes from a wide variety of previously quite separate superhero universes and realising that even this often-dreamt of and fanboy-pleasing population of Supermen and Captain Marvels can't defeat him. From this point onwards in time, with DC as with Marvel, no collection of superheroes can ever seem so impressive as those gathered in "Crisis", because familiarity is from this point onwards the nature of comicbook universes everywhere. Everybody will pretty much know everybody else, and if they don't, they'll have a friend who will. And it's therefore something of a shock to realise that so much of the pleasure of "Crisis", despite its homogenising mission, lies in the endless meetings between characters which

had rarely if ever met before. Placed into unfamiliar and incompatible environments for one last time before every different hero was reduced to one more costume on one single over-crowded Earth, "Crisis" is a catalogue of events marking how thrilling it is to see super-folks where they clearly don't belong and where they can't quite function as normally expected. Kamandi and the Earth-2 Superman! Geo-Force and Sgt Rock! Firestorm and Arion! It's the previously unseen and rarely imagined collisions between different storytelling traditions that produce much of the reader's amazement and excitement, and yet the very function of "Crisis" was to destroy this precious separateness, this distinctive incompatibility that protected every corner of the DCU from ending up as exactly the same corner no matter where it was or who lived there.

And so, when these disparate elements combine together and still can't do anything but slow the Anti-Monitor, and then at the cost of the lives of iconic characters such as the second Flash and Supergirl, then the antagonist becomes more than just a very big bad guy. He becomes the very thing that defines their limitations, and so we readers, in our comic book ways, fear him.

It's as if he were destroying all the remaining and so-precious diversity left in a fictional eco-sphere, and the reader left aware that there was barely enough of difference surviving to produce a comic book with tomorrow. As if Wolfman and Perez were slash'n'burning their way across infinite Earths and yet gathering up our thanks for not destroying a single remaining Earth of DC's choosing. (*5)

*5 - I loved "Crisis On Infinite Earths" when it was released, and I'm still fond of it. I respect the motives behind the housecleaning it contained. I just regret that it was done.

6.

We all know that the most destructive thing that comic book creators can do with characters which are closer to forces of nature than individuals is to attempt to humanise them. Galactus, for example, was quite comic-booky terrifying despite a purple skirt and an inexplicable big "G" as a belt buckle in his first appearance in the Fantastic Four, but start having him fall in love with Johnny Storms' girlfriend - no, really - or engaging in pseudo-philosophical debate with the least impressive of Marvel's no-hoper superheroes and the bloom is forever off the rose.

But the Anti-Monitor wears a helmet too, from under which nothing of emotional warmth is ever seen, and he speaks of nothing but how he's going to get us all. "You will die!" he declares, "I will tolerate no further defeats.", and that tells us all we need to know.

He won't take no prisoners, don't spare no lives, nobodies putting up a fight, as my single teenage digression into heavy metal would have it.

7.

So, as we all of course knew, the Anti-Monitor is not a person, he's a manifestation of the death-wish. He's has no character, no interesting quirks, and that's all a good thing, if he did, he'd wouldn't function as force of nature at all. He's effective only in a specific context of a free-for-all where all the great superheroes who've previously rarely-if-ever met need a protagonist to outpower them all. His appeal is founded in that fact that he will not be defeated and that he returns more powerful than ever after every defeat, and just slowing him costs the lives of well-established and indeed beloved characters.

And most importantly, for all of the above to take with the reader in a tale such as "Crisis", this incredibly effective protagonist must also be utterly expendable as a character. If the Anti-Monitor is going to be used to destroy so much of the DCU, from endless universes to much-loved heroes, then there has to be a reckoning. His sins are far too great to allow him to disappear for a while to regroup and develop a formibadle new moustache to twiddle while destroying everything again. If this story is going to close well, after all has indeed been lost, and close with a sense of victory, then the thing that's responsible for all this destruction has to go, and go forever. The victory in "Crisis On Infinite Earths", therefore,


isn't won by saving the worlds, as is normally the case with superheroes, but by finally doing away with the Anti-Monitor before he can destroy the last slither of "positive-matter" reality remaining. Once again, the slightest touching human trait, the least interesting component of personality, might mean that the audience want him to survive, to eventually return as a person rather than force, which would leave his defeat tinged with the reader's regret at his passing. And so the last thing any reader must be able to do is empathise in any fashion with the Anti-Monitor. His extinction must be an utter relief, his very absence a pleasure, and the world after him a glorious place simply because he's not there, like a miserable wet and freezing cold winter's Wednesday on the morning that an incredibly serious illness begins to pass.

Which all in combination meant that the slightest victory over the Anti-Monitor stood as an unimaginable achievement, and his final defeat in the narrative counted as such a desperate and necessary end that everything which went before could be viewed in the light of the achievement of the Earth-II Superman's killing of him. And so, just saving a single simulacrum of an Earth from him becomes the biggest big deal ever, a Dunkirk of superheroic proportions.


At the very worst moment, when everything seemed lost, some island of blue and green was saved, and salvation arrived precisely at the moment when the Anti-Monitor was, shall we say, done away with.

And that's some of how Crisis ended up with the superheroes losing everything but their own minds, which would soon follow, and yet closed with what felt strangely like a happy ending. For "Crisis On Infinite Earths" is a textbook on how to destroy most of everything and make that terrible loss feel like a good thing, because everything could have been so much worse.


To be continued, and soon as always, with a look at those other continuity-changing, status-quo changing, not-happy-go-lucky-ever-after epics "Onslaught" and "Ultimatum", where we'll be asking whether the lessons of "Crisis" were learned, and what happens if they're not. I hope this digression has been worth something of your while, and as always, I positively welcome your friendly comments, whether in agreement or not with the above. And, yes, of course, it's AC/DC's "Hell Bells". Why that caught my imagination when the rest of their work and their kin passed me by I don't know. Oh, and "Shaft" too. Huh!

I'm grateful to the Grand Comics Database for the Crisis covers.



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